Within-Host Growth Can Mediate Both Among-Host Competition and Evolution of Transmission Potential of Parasites”
نویسنده
چکیده
This appendix provides additional methods used in the experiments. We also show some more empirical results, including evidence for bacterium-induced gigantism (fig. A1) and a look at the transmission rate of other strains of the bacterium (fig. A2). Then, we more fully explain modeling results presented in figures 3 and 4 in the main text. We also detail calculation of the net reproductive ratio (R0) for the models using the next-generation matrix approach (fig. A3). Finally, we illustrate an example of coexistence of parasites driven via oscillations (fig. A3B). Those three-species oscillations come from cycles generated by host-bacterial interactions, which we characterized numerically (fig. A4).
منابع مشابه
Predators and patterns of within-host growth can mediate both among-host competition and evolution of transmission potential of parasites.
Parasite prevalence shows tremendous spatiotemporal variation. Theory indicates that this variation might stem from life-history characteristics of parasites and key ecological factors. Here, we illustrate how the interaction of an important predator and the schedule of transmission potential of two parasites can explain parasite abundance. A field survey showed that a noncastrating fungus (Met...
متن کاملFrank , S . A . 1992 . A kin selection model for the evolution
SUMMARY The costs and benefits of parasite virulence are analyzed in an Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) model. Increased host mortality caused by disease (virulence) reduces a parasite's fitness by damaging its food supply. The fitness costs of high virulence may be offset by the benefits of increased transmission or ability to withstand the host's defenses. It has been suggested that mult...
متن کاملWithin-host Competition Does Not Select for Virulence in Malaria Parasites; Studies with Plasmodium yoelii
In endemic areas with high transmission intensities, malaria infections are very often composed of multiple genetically distinct strains of malaria parasites. It has been hypothesised that this leads to intra-host competition, in which parasite strains compete for resources such as space and nutrients. This competition may have repercussions for the host, the parasite, and the vector in terms o...
متن کاملLocal Interactions Lead to Pathogen-Driven Change to Host Population Dynamics
Individuals tend to interact more strongly with nearby individuals or within particular social groups. Recent theoretical advances have demonstrated that these within-population relationships can have fundamental implications for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In particular, contact networks are crucial to the spread and evolution of disease. However, the theory remains largely untested ...
متن کامل